Eble OS, Jonas Ie, Kappert HF: "
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS): its short-term and long-term effects on the masticatory muscles." J Orofac Orthop. 2000;61(2):100-11.
Department of Orthodontics, University
of Freiburg/Br., Germany.
eble@zmk2.ukl.uni-freiburg.de
Abstract
In an electromyographic study on subjects with no functional disturbances of
the masticatory muscles, the duration of the post-therapeutic effects of
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (= TENS) on the superficial
masseter and anterior temporal muscle was analyzed. The myoelectric signals
were registered from 20 healthy volunteers in 3 different mandibular positions.
The recordings were performed before a 20-minute TENS application with the J-4
Myomonitor and continued with a sequence of follow-up registrations with
increasing interval to the initial stimulation. The EMG signals underwent
computer-aided
analysis and were evaluated by
determining the integrated values as a parameter of muscle activity, and after
Fourier transformation by 7 describing parameters of the power spectrum (e.g.
mean power frequency = MPF). A detailed
analysis
of variance of all data was used to investigate significant changes of the
parameters during the observation period. Muscular response to TENS includes a
decrease in muscular activity (= reduction in integrated EMG signals) and a
shift in the power spectrum to higher frequencies (increase in MPF). These
changes were statistically highly significant for both analyzed muscles and for
all different mandibular exercises. As these reactions to TENS are contrary to
muscle fatigue, the
results can be interpreted as
indicating that this type of therapy stimulates a change in the biochemical and
physiological muscular conditions, which leads to muscle relaxation.
Electromyographically, the post-therapeutic effect lasted for 2 hours in case
of normal masticatory muscle activity but for more than 7 hours in case of low
muscular loading. The alterations of the integrated EMG values were more
persistent than those of the parameters of the power spectrum.